حروف الجرّ

 حروف الجرّ

(Prepositions)

Arabic has four types of preposition ; 

• One letter prepositions   : ب, ل, ك, و, ت

• Two letter prepositions   : في, من, عن, مذ، رُب، كي

• Three letter prepositions : لعل, منذُ, إلى, على

• Semi-prepositions (or locative adverbs) : ضمن, قبل, أمام, ورأ, أسفل, ضد, دون, بين 

    NOTE : Semi preposition is always formed from a noun/ism by changing the case ending into accusative case (منصوب).

Here are the complete examples of all Arabic Prepositions mentioned above :

معانيه بالإنكيليزية و أمثلتها	حروف
1- denotes an instrument or tool, with, by (a means)	ب ب ب	1
طَرَقْتُ الْمِسْمَارَ بِمِطْرَقةٍ I hit the nail with a hammer
‏رَماهُم بِالْحِجَارَةِ‎ He pelted them with stones.
هُوَ يَتَقَوَّى بِهِ He is strengthened by it
2 - denotes accompaniment
قَهْوةٌ بِالْحَلِيبِ coffee with milk
بِسُرُورٍ With pleasure
‏بِٱمْتِيازٍ with success and distinction
3 - denotes proximity, with, to, next to, at (touching on, connected with, concerning)
مَرْبُوطٌ بِشَجَرةٍ tied to a tree
‏لَا عَلاقةَ لَهُ بِالْمَوْضُوعِ‎  unrelated to the subject
4 - denotes inclusion, surrounding, or location, within (a place); in; on; at
‏بِالْأَرْضِ‎ on the earth/in or inside the ground
بِالقَرْيةِ in the village
بِالْمَكْتَبِ at the office/in the desk (Synonym: فِي‎ )
5 - denotes requital, giving or doing in return; for
اِشْتَرَيْتُهُ بِأَلْفِ رِيَالٍ I bought it for a thousand riyals.
6 - marks the predicate of a negative copula
لَكِنّ أَحَداً مِنْهَا لَمْ يَكُنْ بِهٰذِهِ الأَهَمِّيَّةِ But not one of them was of this importance.
وَهُوَ لَيْسَ بِشَاهِدٍ أَو بِقَارِئٍ he is not one who witnessed [it] or read [it]

معانيه بالإنكيليزية و أمثلتها	حروف
1 - It is used to mean “to belong to.”	ل ل ل ل ل ل	2
وَقَالُواْ ٱتَّخَذَ ٱللَّهُ وَلَدٗاۗ سُبۡحَٰنَهُۥۖ بَل لَّهُۥ مَا فِي ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِۖ كُلّٞ لَّهُۥ قَٰنِتُونَ [سُورَةُ البَقَرَةِ: ١١٦] They say, " Allah has taken a son." Exalted is He! Rather, to Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and the earth. All are devoutly obedient to Him,
لكم جامعاتٌ كثيرةٌ في بلدِكم You have many universities in your country
اجعل هذا البيتَ لي Make this house mine (belong to me)
2 - to , of , by, for
كَمَا قِيلَ لِعَاصِمٍ like what was said by Asim
فَلَهُ ذٰلِكَ So that’s for him / that one is for him (i.e. he has a right or permission to / for that)
مَا لَهَا وَمَا عَلَيْهَا what is for it and what is upon / against it.
3 - also used to indicate the debtor to (على) the creditor as opposed to
لِي عَلَيْكَ أَلْفُ دِرْهَمٍ for / to me upon you are 1000 dirhams. (You owe me 1000 dirhams.)
جَاۤءَ لِى أَخٌ a brother of mine came
4 - to indicate the purpose, reason and/or cause
{ قَالُواْ يَٰٓأَبَانَا مَا لَكَ لَا تَأۡمَ۬نَّا عَلَىٰ يُوسُفَ وَإِنَّا لَهُۥ لَنَٰصِحُونَ } [سُورَةُ يُوسُفَ: ١١] They said, "O our father, why do you not entrust us with Joseph while indeed, we are to him sincere counselors
مَا لَكَ لَا تَفْعَلُ هَٰذَا What is the reason for you, you don't do this?
{ قَالَ يَٰٓإِبۡلِيسُ مَا لَكَ أَلَّا تَكُونَ مَعَ ٱلسَّٰجِدِينَ } [سُورَةُ الحِجۡرِ: ٣٢] he [ALLAH SWT] said, O Iblees, what is [the matter] with you that you are not with those who prostrate
لِأَجَلٍ مُّسَمًّى for a specified duration. (Focus on the duration from the start till the end).
هل لي أن أدخلَ ؟ Do i have right to enter ? (i.e can i come in)
5 - pointing out the duration
لِلَيْلَةٍ مَضَتْ مِنَ ٱلشَّهْرِ when a night passed from the month
لِوَقْتِهِ at its time
6 - (يا + لَ + اسم معرفة + لِ + اسم معرفة) the preposition لِ is also used to offer something; to show something to the one called using يَا لَ
يَا لَلرِّجَالِ لِلْمَاۤءِ Hai men/guys, here’s the water يا لَإخوان لِلعشاء Hi brothers, here’s the dinner
- 7 Used to express admiration and/or exclamation / interjection (يا + لَ) or (يا له/لها من …)
يَا لَلْعَجَبِ how wonderful يا لتفاهةِ الأمر Oh how trivial it is يَا لَهُ مِنْ عَالَمِ رَائِعِ What a wonderful world يا لها من مفاجأة طريفة What a fun/nice surprise